E1
Whirlpool Refrigerator
Severity: ModerateWhat Does This Error Mean?
The E1 error on a Whirlpool refrigerator indicates a fault with the freezer or refrigerator compartment thermistor. A thermistor is a temperature sensor that tells the control board how cold each section is. When the sensor reads a temperature outside its normal range — or sends no signal at all — E1 is set. The refrigerator may not cool correctly until this is resolved.
Affected Models
- WRF535SWHZ
- WRS325SDHZ
- WRF767SDHZ
- WRT318FZDW
- Most Whirlpool top-freezer and French door models
Common Causes
- Faulty thermistor (temperature sensor) that has failed or is reading out of range
- Damaged wiring harness from the thermistor to the control board
- Loose or corroded connector at the thermistor or control board
- Ice buildup around the thermistor preventing accurate temperature readings
- Failed main control board that cannot process the thermistor signal correctly
How to Fix It
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Unplug the refrigerator for 5 minutes to reset the control board. Plug it back in and see if E1 clears.
A temporary sensor glitch can sometimes be cleared with a simple power reset.
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Locate the thermistor in the freezer or refrigerator compartment. It is typically a small probe attached to the evaporator coil or wall.
Consult your model's wiring diagram for the exact thermistor location — each compartment may have its own sensor.
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Check the thermistor wiring and connector for any visible damage, ice buildup, or corrosion.
Ice buildup around the sensor can insulate it and cause false readings. Defrost the compartment manually if needed.
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Test the thermistor with a multimeter. At room temperature (70°F / 21°C) it should measure approximately 10,000 ohms (10kΩ).
A reading of zero or infinite resistance confirms a failed thermistor that needs replacement.
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Replace the thermistor if it fails the resistance test. Clear the error code by unplugging and replugging the refrigerator.
Match the part number from the original thermistor or use the refrigerator model number to find the correct replacement.
When to Call a Professional
Thermistor replacement is $20 to $60 in parts and is a manageable DIY repair. A technician can confirm the fault with a resistance test. Control board replacement is $100 to $300. If the refrigerator is not cooling at all, food safety is a concern — act promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will E1 cause my food to spoil?
It can. If the thermistor is faulty, the control board cannot regulate temperature accurately. The refrigerator may get too warm without triggering the compressor at the right time. Check food temperatures with a thermometer — the fridge should stay at 35–38°F (2–3°C).
Can I test the thermistor myself at home?
Yes. All you need is a basic multimeter set to resistance (ohms). Disconnect the thermistor from its connector and measure resistance across its two terminals. At room temperature, most Whirlpool thermistors read around 10,000 ohms. A reading of 0 or infinity means it has failed.
How do I find the right replacement thermistor for my Whirlpool model?
Find the model number inside the refrigerator on the door frame or side wall. Enter it on the Whirlpool parts website or a parts supplier like RepairClinic or PartSelect. Thermistors are inexpensive — usually $15 to $50 — and typically install in minutes.